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Ministry of Community Development and Sports --The Convention on the Rights of the Child


General Principles of the Convention

Children are persons below 18 years -- Article 1

Children must not suffer discrimination "irrespective of the child's or his or her parent's or legal guardian's race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic, or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status." -- Article 2

The best interest of the child must be a primary consideration in all decisions or actions that affect the child or children as a group. This holds true whether decisions are made by governmental, administrative or judicial authorities, or by families themselves. -- Article 3

Children have the right to survival and development in all aspects of their lives, including the physical, emotional, psycho social, cognitive, social and cultural. -- Article 6

Children must be allowed as active participants in all matters affecting their lives views heard and taken seriously. -- Article 12


Civil Rights and Freedoms of Children

Every child has the right to a name and nationality. -- Article 7

Every child has the right to protection from being deprived of his or her identity. -- Article 8

Every child has the right to freedom of expression. -- Article 13

Every child has the right to information from a diversity of sources. -- Article 17

Every child has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. -- Article 14

Every child has the right to freedom of association and peaceful assembly. -- Article 15

Every child has the right to privacy. -- Article 16


The Rights of Children and their Families

Governments will ensure the rights of parents and families to provide guidance to their child. -- Article 5

Governments will support parents in child-raising and recognize that parents have joint responsibility in doing so. -- Article 18 paras 1 and 2

Every child has the right to live with his or her parents or to maintain contact if separated from either one. -- Article 9
Every child has the right to cross national borders to be reunified with his or her parents. -- Article 10

Every child has the right to receive alternative care when a family environment cannot be maintained. -- Article 20

Every child has the right to a safe adoption system. -- Article 21

Every child has the right to a regular review of any placements that might be necessary for care, protection or treatment. -- Article 25

Every child has the right to protection from abuse and neglect by parents or care givers, and be ensured or appropriate treatment for their recovery and social reintegration. -- Article 19 and 39


Children's Rights to Basic Health and Welfare

Every child has the right to special care, if he or she is disabled, that ensures dignity, promotes self-reliance and facilitates active participation in the community. -- Article 23

Every child has the right to the highest attainable standard of health and effective health services. -- Article 24

Every child has the right to social security and child care services and facilities. -- Article 26 and 18 para 3

Every child has the right to an adequate standard of living. -- Article 27


Children's Rights to Education, Leisure and Cultural Activities

Every child has the right to free primary education, and access to secondary education and vocational trainning. -- Article 28

Every child has the right to an education that develops his or her personality, talents, and mental and physical abilities to their fullest; an education that prepares him or her for an active adult life in a free society; an education that fosters respect for his or her own family, cultural identity, and language; for his or her country; and for the natural environtment; an education in the spirit of understanding, peace, tolerance and equality. -- Article 29

Every child has the right to leisure, play and the opportunity to participate in cultural and artistic activities. -- Article 31


Children's Rights to Special Protection

Every child has the right to special protection in emergency situations such as armed conflict, or when children are separated from family or home. -- Articles 22, 38 and 39

Every child has the right to special protection when he or she is in the conflict with the law. -- Articles 40, 37 paras b, c and d

Every child has the right to special protection in situations of exploitation such as child labour, drug abuse, sexual exploitation or sexual abuse, sale, trafficking and abduction. -- Articles 32, 33, 34 and 35

Children of minority communities and idigenous populations have the right to enjoy their own religion and language. -- Article 30